Explicative factors of face-to-face harassment and cyberbullying in a sample of primary students.

BACKGROUND Research has shown that there is a co-occurrence between bullying and cyberbullying in relation to certain variables that describe and explain them. The present study aims to examine the differential influence of individual and contextual variables on perception of the role played in the involvement in both phenomena. METHOD Participants were 1278 schoolchildren (47.7 % girls) of primary education, aged 10 to 14 years ( M =11.11, SD = 0.75). RESULTS Logistic regression analysis indicated that social adjustment, normative adjustment, disruptiveness, gender, and self-esteem explain a substantial part of the involvement in both violent phenomena as victims, aggressors, and bully/victims. CONCLUSIONS The results are discussed regarding the weight that must attributed to individual versus contextual factors, concluding that the explicative weight of the immediate social elements and educational context may make the difference.